[Why has green hydrogen become the 'champagne of energy transition'?] In 2025, green hydrogen, as an important option for clean energy, has attracted widespread attention for its applicability. According to the analysis released by Greenpeace, green hydrogen should be used in specific scenarios and should not be seen as a universal solution. Hydrogen energy is divided into different "colors" according to its production method: gray hydrogen is produced from natural gas and emits a large amount of carbon dioxide; Blue hydrogen combined carbon capture technology, but with high cost and risk; Green hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water from renewable energy sources to achieve climate neutrality, but producing 1 kilogram requires approximately 55 kilowatt hours of electricity. In addition, there are various types such as red hydrogen, orange hydrogen, and yellow hydrogen. Green hydrogen is mainly suitable for fields that are difficult to electrify, such as some steel production, specific metal manufacturing, and hydrogenation processes in the petrochemical industry. In terms of energy storage, hydrogen has low conversion efficiency and energy loss can reach up to 60%. In scenarios such as heating and road traffic, green hydrogen lacks economic and efficiency advantages. The efficiency of heat pumps is about 5 times that of hydrogen heating, and the efficiency of electric vehicles is also 3 times that of hydrogen internal combustion engines. In addition, storage and transportation solutions for liquid hydrogen and ammonia still face challenges in terms of immature technology and facility renovation. Experts point out that achieving climate goals should prioritize direct electrification, improving energy efficiency and conservation, and green hydrogen can only serve as a supplement to specific fields. As economist Claudia Kenfert said, it is more like "champagne in the energy transition" - precious but not universal. Editor/Yang Beihua

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