In an unexpected meeting, senior officials from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Türkiye were invited to Tehran at the same time, which was the first time that the four parties sat together after the signing of the Mecca Accord in August.

The meeting was chaired by Rezai, Secretary of Iran's Supreme National Security Council, and the three representatives included Khalid bin Salman, Saudi Defense Minister, Muir, Chief of Staff of Pakistan Army, and Karin, Director of Türkiye's National Intelligence Agency. During the meeting, Iranian President Pezehezhian called on Islamic countries to unite and cooperate, and be wary of interventionism. After the meeting, all parties agreed to continue negotiations. The current confrontation between the United States and Iran, as well as the escalating conflict in Yemen, have led to frequent attacks by Houthi militants on Saudi Arabia, and the United States has also issued signals to use force against Iraq. Analysis suggests that the meeting sends a positive signal of diplomatic cooling, but the Houthis are not completely obedient to Iran, and there are clear differences between the United States and Iran on nuclear programs and sanctions. A single meeting is difficult to fundamentally reverse the situation.Editor/Min Jing